P. Sumathi, G. Alarmelumangai, Locating Equitable Domination and Independence Subdivision Numbers of Graphs, BMSA Volume 9, Bulletin of Mathematical Sciences and Applications (Volume 9)
https://www.scipress.com/BMSA.9.27
Abstract:
    Let G = (V,E) be a simple, undirected, finite nontrivial graph. A non empty set DV of vertices in a graph G is a dominating set if every vertex in V-D is adjacent to some vertex in D. The domination number (G) is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of G. A dominating set D is a locating equitable dominating set of G if for any two vertices u,wєV-D, N(u)∩D ≠ N(w)∩D, |N(u)∩D| ≠ |N(w)∩D|. The locating equitable domination number of G is the minimum cardinality of a locating equitable dominating set of G. The locating equitable domination subdivision number of G is the minimum number of edges that must be subdivided (where each edge in G can be subdivided at most once) in order to increase the locating equitable domination number and is denoted by sdγ<sub>le</sub>(G). The independence subdivision number sdβ<sub>le</sub>(G) to equal the minimum number of edges that must be subdivided in order to increase the independence number. In this paper, we establish bounds on sdγ<sub>le</sub>(G) and sdβ<sub>le</sub>(G) for some families of graphs.
Keywords:
    Independence, Locating Equitable Domination, Subdivision Numbers