Heuristic valences of professional newspapers

Heuristic valences of professional newspapers, on the Moravian organization and activity of the institutions that they founded, preserves information taken from News initiating activity, what means guard or pre-military training for youth, school cooperatives about (importance, their purpose and practical means of achievement) and about the country teacher attributions. This study is dedicated to examples highlighting the vigor of newspapers storage, primarily thanks to discipline and editors vocation and secondly, public attentive to everything concerning him (Borowski, 2013; Frunză, 2014). The best getaway ever, those hit by complaints in the area where they were working, featured it the newspapers. Here came and told their inconvenience and had ambitions that the situation will resolve, if not even improve.


INTRODUCTION
Strength of professionals, perhaps today, consists in the combination. In our general Congress from1931, is stated: "Homes, vocational training, savings banks, banks for teachers, the right to take part of the upper command council of the Ministry of Instruction, county magazines, central magazine and so on, are all labor work and sacrifice of our leaders at the center. Without their sacrifice, the teachers would be also today, in the same state of misery and disdain, which was while living in isolated and disorganized " (Dobrian, 1931, p. 228). For participants in the Congress, for example, the General Association of Teachers of Romania provided that the travel to have 50 % discount over the number of trips that a teacher has the legal right, and installing to a few hotels and having the meals in restaurants, to have discount prices.
The purpose of the "light of the nation" (Scarlatescu, 1931, p. 69), a teacher, although "he toss in the dirt of months unpaid wages, how to ensure the smooth running of existence" (Scarlatescu, 1931, p.68), was aware of the economic and social transformations, with scientific innovations; was a present that people trusted and whose advice gathered. He had the power to expound various conferences in front of villagers in cultural circles. They asked him "clarifications on new issues arising as the earth nowadays. The radiophone so" (Scarlatescu, 1931, p. 69). Inaugurated speedy the active school.
It was an universal fever of preparation of the future. With so many recovery plans political, administrative, etc., the education one first ( To distribute the book, more, for the favor development of reading, were organized cultural circles that soon had come to have their own libraries: "The cultural circles are part of the great cultural problem. This issue is of paramount importance and very extensive. Therefore, are provided in the law of primary education as obligations that as part of teacher duties " (Stuparu , 1931, p. 222 ) that "lead good and useful book in huts and in palaces ( ... ) . In the week of the book, the teacher organizes the exhibition of books, the chosen by his people and most desired of them to drop the balsam over the wounds that are open, after the war" (Ionescu, 1937, p. 14). He knows the taste of each client of its library, he knows also the content of all books and magazines in the cupboard books. He gives each one the desired book and appreciates the readers progress, taking a quarter or a synopsis, to realize the fruit of his labor (Siminică & Traistaru, 2013;Avram & Traistaru, 2014).
For example, cultural circle "Tuguresti" Dolj number " counted 28 members and each contribute with 120 lei annually. Read every book worth of 3,360 lei. Since them, can choose knowledgeable about all activity branches, because the teacher is not a simply official restricted to school duties" (Scarlatescu, 1931, p. 69). There was a time when "only reading daily newspapers are not enough, because only statement works without application level" (Scarlatescu, 1931, p. 69).

HEURISTIC VALENCES
The cultural circles activity, performed in consequence of the religious service held, was regarded very seriously and filtered by an organization prism, with president, secretary and treasurer, elected for three years by the members of the circle. One of the interesting objectives was that of the circle funds, collected from the monthly fee of the teachers, for 10-20 lei, and the fines "of missing or late for the meeting" (Stuparu, 1931, p. 223), to form an ambulant library for teachers and to award prizes "for the best lessons and conferences (private and public) held by teachers" (Stuparu, 1931, p. 223). Intimate meeting was intended to clarify the needs of the circle as: approval of "books to be purchased for the library, magazines to which it will subscribe and the circle will do a book review, and school director where the meeting takes place will make a statement on the extracurricular activities conducted by school teachers " (Stuparu, 1931, p. 223). They were debated topics with specific pedagogical, fashionable opera signed by Montessori, Decroly and others, issues of soil science (it will display the results gained by each teacher in his school), professional selection after students skills, school cooperative etc. It was a show of straightening obsession, the correction of directions, of situation. Therefore, for "the critical of the lesson and conference, it will be called the teachers from the previous session. Criticism should be constructive and useful to all" (Stuparu, 1931, p. 223) The public debate was quite fine. By rotation, the chair people were reading, the audience to draw a teaching, a chronicle accompanied by advices, the news from home and outside, like Moromete 's discussions in blacksmithing glade; were given agricultural advices, appropriate season hold meetings, guidelines for human behavior and ultimately all that effort to have a symbol to remember, energy catalyst, it was made "the apology of the book" (Stuparu, 1931, p. 223 ). Once a year they hold a "cultural celebration with all members of the circle, and the benefit" (Stuparu, 1931, p. 224) was in favor of the circle. There was a culture of cinema (maintained by novelists and poets) on whose canvas the heroes went in ordinary life; gestures of courage on celluloid gave impetus to training young people for life, climbing a ladder, Volume 26 through exams and hiring interviews. The approached subject of meetings of the circle was illustrated with movie: "In every county to be an itinerant cinema to be made cultural circles and serve every Sunday to run the meeting by a circle" (Stuparu, 1931, p. 224).
This article , which claimed so many to teachers, under the motto: "Let us do our duty to the end, even if the snow will push through not mending ice" (Stuparu, 1931, p. 224), occur in a year in which, although the school year beginning on September 1, "but not September 15, as says the law" (Popescu, 1931, p. 224), teachers had no salary from June: "On station from distance, poor teacher daily lives only with hope. When they meet two or more , their discussion revolves only around the misery to which they are exposed. -What have you heard ? What about the salary of July ? -are teachers' words in despair , waiting for months their poor living opportunity -salary. For four months, unsalaried, we see poor teacher attended all classes, always present where school interests call him. ( ... ). That is the crisis we all know, but that signifies to indulge disorganization and degradation just education of young generations" (Popescu, 1931, p. 224). Because of poverty, the teacher lost any idea. He lost all hope, no longer the straw thread of the sunken they has not (Ţenescu, 2009;Bajdor & Grabara, 2014).
In addition to monetary shortcomings, reflects on them and drama of the students that they teach: "A typical example I had in class. In class, we have 57 students. Parents of twenty students are unemployed. How early when parents could feed the students, noted good progress in developing their spiritual, today the contrary, show a decrease in all their spiritual phenomena" (Balanescu, 1931, p.77). However, if the director was interested, they could: "It is a happiness that this school has established a school cafeteria, by the school director, where children can find a piece of bread" (Balanescu, 1931, p.77). The above situation, today, in another century, in these years from the reality recorded here, has worsened. Three years ago, when I registered in the catalog, in the end, the students' data, I was appalled. From thirty-one, how many were, only three -four parents of them had jobs. Otherwise, unemployed or go outside, Spain, Italy. What indications of a personal library, which to build in the first year, based on the titles of the manual to be provided when they were mainly care to survive, printed willy-nilly, of family, home problems?
One of the solutions found was that some support to provide hall . Unlike today's law , which opens the gate wide local officials, many primary (villages) lade the activity, with interest in having in the teachers board members of the same party or family, in 1931 , the Primary Education Law -normal by Regulation of this law, the school "has the right to take from the ordinary income of the village, 14 % for its maintenance. Apart from this quota, all schools have the right to take ½ of lease revenue taverns, which are collected also by village, so the collection will address also to village. On the other hand, municipalities, by administrative law, are required to give schools these odds. In the budgets they have already printed forms are provided these rights, leaving as their right to provide legal share" (Stuparu -Tiu, 1931, p. 84). In 1935, four years after the entry into force of this Law, wrote: "How municipalities pays this obligation? The answer we give a cry of indignation seething, pushed to revolt. All care, all attention for that in charge to the household of village, is directed , in the preparation of budgets towards finding means to passes for them, justifying all kinds of excuses, as fat salaries. When it's time budget execution, god forbid you dare to ask anything that is legal and proper, until the first mayor will pay wages, support, cashier, telephone operator, administrator etc. (Hristea & Colhon, 2012;Bosun, Teodorescu & Teodorescu, 2014).
Hegemony in the village, as can be inferred from these remarks, was held by those who fulfill these functions, especially the wages lever: and they were able to be calculated and given to them by vote of the members of the local council, from the funds granted by government,

International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences Vol. 26
for the affairs accomplishment for the public actions. It was of course entitled to the salary, but are accused of lack of promptness in providing legal support, schools "built by the toil and sweat of the many needy, for whose rise and has given its piece of bread from the mouth of poor children, schools costing millions, for which municipalities maintenance scarcely shed annually an amount ranging from 4-5000 lei and that when the building suffered major damage and are obvious signs of falling into decay " (Geica, 1935, p. 16).
Articles about the teachers responsibilities, who was considered the "soul of the people", appeared under the title Extracurricular activities of the teacher. It contained "numerous directories: pre-military, guard, cultural center, school and popular cooperative, popular banks, schools and popular libraries, small warehouse of medicine of the school, folklore, museum etc." (Ionescu , 1937, p.11). Therefore, the prestige of teachers "increased and whole people regards him as a messenger of lifting his spiritual, moral and physical" (Ionescu, 1937, p. 11); "pre-military love the teacher, recognizing in him their tireless friend during primary school and the guard" (Ionescu, 1937, p. 11). The Guar Program ( founded by King Charles II in 1936, to strengthen unified Romania) was drawn also by a teacher. Corollary of his involvement was that "the face of the village, the school and the guard were delighted, the future is regarded with confidence and optimism to everyone. The teacher is on duty. For him -the doctor of soulsare turning all eyes" (Ionescu, 1937, p.11). The most exciting of activities, however, was the cultural center: "He is the relentless announcer, bringing in the whole village the good book and inexpensive of the Foundation" (Royal Cultural Foundation " Prince Charles", nn) (Ionescu, 1937, p. 11).
In the novel Morometii, by Marin Preda, there are several pre-military training (P.T.) sequences "that they (teachers, nn) loved seeing the continuation and perfection of national and civic education of young people, began in primary school. The fact that for the pre-military preparation of Romanian youth had to turn almost exclusively from teacher proves that teachers is a nationwide and social factor of the first order in the life of the Romanian people (Tabără, 2012;Smarandache & Vlăduţescu, 2014). Responsible for preparing special pre-military training area that had courses of "20 days" duration (1935, p. 34), for which attended "active employment officers commanders of substations in the city of Craiova and 70 reserve officers -all teachers, including himself President Association of Dolj teachers, named commanders of centers and sub-centers of P.T. in Dolj" (1935, p. 34). Were attending and instructors , sergeants and corporals, called "the aid of the commanders of substations P.T." (1935, p. 34).
The teacher was devoted several projects such as the establishment of economic institutions for the people; appeared thus school cooperatives and popular, the former "do apprenticeship future citizen" (Ionescu, 1937, p. 11), in terms of affiliation to a goal, "the second brings relief and trust to the major citizen's" (Ionescu, 1937, p. 11), by the effort to valorize peasant products, instead of materials, extremely costly, " first necessity of industry and commerce" (Ionescu, 1937, p.11), received from imports. To tip the balance towards poor traditional peasant 's household, then a solid, consistent, developed, for example, a real textile industry, teachers made much volunteer work for convincing, trying to facilitate contracts between the factory and farmers, he understood "command time , establishing again where need required, school cooperative and popular, credit banks, mutual insurance, help his fellows" (Ionescu, 1937, p. 13).
Accompanied by his students, his most important procession, the teacher collects, in the thematic walks, objects that deserve to be kept, good weed cure, folk songs, stories, riddles, proverbs, folk music, traditions, joy, all in dialect found in the village, carefully keeps in the village museum ( (Dima & Vlăduţescu, 2013;Smarandache & Vlăduţescu, 2013).

CONCLUSION
The current study marks the tangible results: the establishment of banks for their professional category, circles or other forms of association, of the efforts that members of a certain category they have made to make their work more pleasant and not so easy as resultful for the village or town where they had their job. At the same time created the opportunity to understand today what they were in those times, guard, prepare for pre-military youth, concerns about which I read to seize the shelf of such journals, novels and opinions which had taken from the subjective perspective of a writer, and not an editor specialized on objective.