Anopheline Mosquitoes and the Malaria Scourge

Nwabor, Ozioma Forstinus

doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILNS.46.31

ILNS > Volume 46 > Anopheline Mosquitoes and the Malaria Scourge

< Back to Volume

Anopheline Mosquitoes and the Malaria Scourge

Full Text PDF

Abstract:

The high prevalence of malaria in Africa has defiled many strategies aimed at its eradication. Researchers from various fields have tried without success in this fight against mosquito and its malaria disease. Annually billions of dollars are spent in the design of programs which are aimed at combating this dreaded disease. However all this spending seems to go down the drain as malaria and its vector mosquitoes celebrate their unflinching victory. Current control measures focusing on ways of preventing the disease vis-a-vis, protect man from the vectors “anopheline mosquito” are the mainstay of malaria prevention and control. Many of these control measures are operational with each contributing in its little way. The use of Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLITN) and Indoor Residual Sprays (IRS) are well established strategies with global recognition and currently ongoing in Africa. However, as a result of shortcomings in these major control measures, new strategies with hopes of blissful success are been sought after. Larviciding (abortion of metamorphosis) and constant and adequate environmental sanitation seems to be the next option available for use. This article therefore takes a look at the vector-anopheline mosquito, its ecology, productivity and distribution. It also considers malaria and the various control and preventive measures currently targeted at its eradication.

Info:

Periodical:

International Letters of Natural Sciences (Volume 46)

Pages:

31-40

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILNS.46.31

Citation:

O. F. Nwabor, "Anopheline Mosquitoes and the Malaria Scourge", International Letters of Natural Sciences, Vol. 46, pp. 31-40, 2015

Online since:

September 2015

Authors:

Ozioma Forstinus Nwabor

Keywords:

Environmental Sanitation, Insecticides, Larviciding, Malaria, Mosquito

Export:

RIS, BibTeX, Text

Distribution:

Open Access

This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

References:

Gimnig, J.E., Ombok, M., Kamau, L. and Hawley, W.A. (2001). Characteristics of larval anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) habitats in western Kenya. Journal of Medical Entomology, 38: 282-288.

Huang, J., Walker, E.D., Vulule, J. and Miller, J.R. (2007). The influence of darkness and visual contrast on oviposition by Anopheles gambiae in moist and dry substrates. Physiological Entomology, 32: 34-40.

Minakawa, N., Mutero, C.M., Githure, J.I., Beier, J.C. and Yan. G. (1999). Spatial distribution and habitat characterization of anopheline mosquito larvae in western Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 61: 1010 -1016.

Munga, S., Minakawa, N., Zhou, G., Barrack, O. J and Githeko, A. K, Yan., G. (2005). Oviposition site preference and egg hatchability of Anopheles gambiae: effects of land cover types. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42: 993-997.

Sattler, M. A, Mtasiwa, D., Kiama, M., Premji, Z., Tanner, M., Killeen, G.F., Lengeler, C. (2005).

Sumba, L. A, Guda, T. O, Deng, A. L, Hassanali, A, Beier, J. C, Knols, B.G.J. (2004).

Munga, S., Minakawa, N., Zhou, G., Barrack, O. J, Githeko, A.K., Yan, G. (2006). Effects of larval competitors and predators on oviposition site selection of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. Journal of Medical Entomology, 43: 221-224.

Mwangangi, J.M., Mbogo, C.M., Muturi, E.J., Nzovu, J.G., Kabiru, E.W., Githure, J.I., Novak, R. J., Beier, J.C. (2007b). Influence of biological and physicochemical characteristics of larval habitats on the body size of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Kenyan coast. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 44: 122127.

Edillo, F.E., Touré, Y.T., Lanzaro, G.C., Dolo, G. and Taylor, C.E. (2002). Spatial and habitat distribution of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Banambani village, Mali. Journal of Medical Entomology, 39: 70-77.

Ameneshewa, B., Service, M.W. (1996). The relationship between female body size and survival rate of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in Ethiopia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 10: 170-172.

Lyimo, E. O and Takken, W. (1993). Effects of adult body size on fecundity and the pregravid rate of Anopheles gambiae females in Tanzania. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 7: 328-332.

Paaijmans, K.P. (2008). Weather, water and malaria mosquito larvae-The impact of meteorological factors on water temperature and larvae of the Afro-tropical malaria vector Anopheles gambiae Giles ISBN 978-90-8504-750-6.

Bayoh, M.N. and Lindsay, S. W (2003). Effect of temperature on the development of the aquatic stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 93: 375-381.

Chen, H., Fillinger, U. and Yan, G (2006). Oviposition behavior of female Anopheles gambiae in western Kenya inferred from microsatellite markers. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75: 246-250.

Gimnig, J.E., Ombok, M., Otieno, S., Kaufman, M.G., Vulule, J.M., Walker, E.D. (2002). Density dependent development of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in artificial habitats. Journal of Medical Entomology 39: 162 - 172.

Service, M.W. (1977).

Okogun, G.R.A. (2005). Life-table analysis of Anopheles malaria vectors: generational mortality as tool in mosquito vector abundance and control studies. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 42: 45-53.

Kirby, M.J. and Lindsay, S.W. (2004). Responses of adult mosquitoes of two sibling species, Anopheles arabiensis and A. gambiae s. s. (Diptera: Culicidae), to high temperatures. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 94: 441-448.

Coetzee, M., Craig, M. and Le-Sueur, D. (2000). Distribution of African malaria mosquitoes belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex. Parasitology Today, 16: 74-77.

Minakawa, N., Seda, P. and Yan, G (2002). Influence of host and larval habitat distribution on the abundance of African malaria vectors in western Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 67: 32-38.

Charlwood, J.D., and Edoh, D. (1996). Polymerase chain reaction used to describe larval habitat use by Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in the environs of Ifakara, Tanzania. Journal of Medical Entomology, 33: 202-204.

Touré, Y.T., Dolo, G., Petrarca, V., Traoré, S.F., Bouaré, M, Dao, A., Carnahan, J., Taylor, C.E. (1998).

Gu, W., Regens, J.L., Beier, J.C. and Novak, R.J. (2006). Source reduction of mosquito larval habitats has unexpected consequences on malaria transmission. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103: 17560-17563.

Show More Hide

Cited By:

This article has no citations.