The contents of cadmium in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as affected by application of multicomponent fertilizers

A pot experiment on an acid brown soil was conducted in 1998-2001. Three multicomponent fertilizers were applied: Polifoska 8, Polifoska 16 and Polimag 306, at the rates of 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 g N per pot. The total forms of cadmium were determined in dry matter of perennial ryegrass with the use of ASA method. The contents of these elements were higher in the fertilized variants as compared to the control. No significant differences were found among the contents of investigated elements compared in plants treated with different multicomponent fertilizers. The increasing rates of nitrogen decreased soil pH and, thereby, enhanced the availability and concentration of heavy metals in perennial ryegrass.

The problem of soil heavy metals pollution occurs in Poland locally and applies first of all industrialized areas, but in some areas, in the vicinity of the former or current sources of emissions, soil sometimes exhibit a significant degree of pollution [1,3,5,7,9,11,14,19,21,24,27]. Heavy metals occur as contaminants of agricultural and industrial area. Their long-lasting results in the accumulation of surface soil layers in the deposition and migrate deeper into the soil profile, right down to the groundwater [20,21,24,27,28,30] .
Heavy metals in soils may constitute a potential source of danger for plants and for groundwater, and consequently can be incorporated into the food chain [20,23,27,29,30].
Download trace of contaminated soils by plants often exceeds their physiological demand, which causes an excess of these elements in soils can act phytotoxic [19,21]. Cadmium are metallic elements, the most toxic to plants and animals [19][20][21].

EXPERIMENTAL
A pot experiment on an acid brown soil was conducted in 1998-2001. Three multicomponent fertilizers were applied: Polifoska 8, Polifoska 16 and Polimag 306, at the rates of 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 g N per pot. The total forms of cadmium were determined in dry matter of perennial ryegrass with the use of ASA method. The contents of these elements were higher in the fertilized variants as compared to the control. No significant differences were found among the contents of investigated elements compared in plants treated with different multicomponent fertilizers [19,20,22,23].
The soil on Which experience has been Carried out to qualified valuation class IVa. Test plant was perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). After the growth of biological material (Lolium perenne L.), and the mixture mineralization nitric and perchloric acids determined cadmium.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results of the content of cadmium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in Tables 1 to 3.   The average cadmium content in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) sustainable compound fertilisers applied at all was higher compared to the control object (Table 1-3). Comparing the content of cadmium in each swath slightly higher than the value found in the second and third cut.
In the content of cadmium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass the Polifoska 8 it ranged from 0,53 -0,82 mg·kg -1 DM. In the content of cadmium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass the Polifoska 16 it ranged from 0,84 -1,19 mg·kg -1 DM. In the content of cadmium in dry matter of perennial ryegrass the Polimag 306 it ranged from 1,09 -1,47 mg·kg -1 DM.
The content of cadmium in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was mostly higher on objects may receive farm manures fertilisers compared to the control object. Differences in the cadmium content of fertilisers applied between were insignificant.

CONCLUSIONS
The content of cadmium in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was mostly higher on objects may receive farm manures fertilisers compared to the control object. Differences in the cadmium content of fertilisers applied between were insignificant.