Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Studies of an Ethanol/Water Extract of Euphorbia scordifolia Jacq (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice and in Rats

Fokam Tagne, Michel Archange; Noubissi, Paul Aimé; Kamgang, René

doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/IJPPE.7.18

IJPPE > IJPPE Volume 7 > Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Studies of an...

< Back to Volume

Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Studies of an Ethanol/Water Extract of Euphorbia scordifolia Jacq (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice and in Rats

Full Text PDF

Abstract:

Euphorbia scordifolia is used in Cameroon as galactagogue and in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. This work was undertaken to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicities of ethanol/water extract of Euphorbia scordifolia (EWEs). Acute toxicity study was carried out by oral administration of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/kg body weight of EWEs to mice in the respective groups. Subchronic toxicity study was conducted by oral administration of the extract at daily doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg body weight to another group of rats for 28 days, while rats in the control group received 10 mL/kg body weight of distilled water. Following the 28-day treatment, the rats were sacrificed for hematological, biochemical and histopathology studies. In the acute toxicity study, EWEs was found to be non-toxic at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. The subchronic treatment with EWEs did not alter either the body weight gain or the food and water consumption. Biochemical analysis did not show any significant differences in any of the parameters examined in males or females. Hematological analysis showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in white blood cells and red blood cells in males treated with 100 mg/kg bw and a significant (P<0.01) decrease in hemoglobin and hemoglobin hematocrit in all treated females. Necropsy and histopathological examination revealed some slight hepatic necrosis with the dose 100 mg/kg bw. It would be necessary to use the ethanol/water extract for short periods (<4 weeks). Thus, the plant, at least its ethanol/water extract, could be considered with a wide margin of safety for short-term oral use.

Info:

Periodical:

International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine (Volume 7)

Pages:

18-29

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/IJPPE.7.18

Citation:

M. A. Fokam Tagne et al., "Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Studies of an Ethanol/Water Extract of Euphorbia scordifolia Jacq (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice and in Rats", International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine, Vol. 7, pp. 18-29, 2017

Online since:

June 2017

Authors:

Michel Archange Fokam Tagne, Paul Aimé Noubissi, René Kamgang

Keywords:

Ethanol/Water Extract, Euphorbia scordifolia, Mice, Rats, Toxicity

Export:

RIS, BibTeX, Text

Distribution:

Open Access

This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

References:

[1] J. Westendorf, Natural compounds, in: H. Marquardt et al. (Eds. ), Toxicology, Elsevier Inc., 1999, p.959–1007.

[2] B. Bremer et al., An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants : APG III, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161 (2009) 105–121.

[3] A. Naegelé, Contributions à l'étude de la flore et des groupements végétaux de la Mauritanie, Bulletin Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire. A (1958) 293–305.

[4] A.O.M. Vall Hmeyada, Contribution à l'étude des plantes médicinales de Mauritanie, Ann. Univ. Lomé (Togo), Série Sci. 17 (2009) 9–27.

[5] H.M. Burkill, The useful plants of west tropical Africa, R. Bot. Gard. Kew. 2 (1985).

[6] R. Kamgang et al., Activity of aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia scordifolia on Shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Drug Res. 7 (2015) 40–45.

[7] O.O. Odebiyi, E.A. Sofowora, Phytochemical screening of Nigerian medicinal plants II., Lloydia J. Nat. Prod. 41 (1991) 234–246.

[8] R. Kamgang et al., Antihyperglycaemic potential of the water–ethanol extract of Kalanchoe crenata (Crassulaceae), J. Nat. Med. 62(1) (2008) 34–40.

[9] J. Smith et al., Principles and practice in ethical review of animal experiments across Europe: summary of the report of a FELASA working group on ethical evaluation of animal experiments, Laboratory Animals. 41(2) (2007) 143–160.

[10] OECD/OCDE, Test Guideline 452 : Chronic Toxicity Studies, Draft Consult. Propos. 8 (2008) 1–15.

[11] OECD/OCDE, Acute Oral Toxicity – Up-and-Down-Procedure (UDP), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals. 425 (2008) 1–27.

[12] S.C. Gad, C.P. Chengelis, Introduction, in: S.C. Gad, C.P. Chengelis (Eds. ), Acute Toxicology Testing(Second edition), Elsevier Inc., 1998, p.1–15.

[13] GS.C. Gad, C.P. Chengelis, Acute toxicology program : study design and development, in: S.C. Gad, C.P. Chengelis (Eds. ), Acute Toxicology Testing(Second edition), Elsevier Inc., 1998, p.17–30.

[14] C.J. Chang et al., Acute and 28-day subchronic oral toxicity of an ethanol extract of Zingiber zerumbet (L. ) Smith in rodents, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012 (2012) 1–11.

[15] A.G. Gornall, C.J. Bardawill, M.M. David, determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction, J. Biol. Chem. 177 (1949) 751–766.

[16] V. Marck, Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, in: V. Marck (Ed. ), Manuel de techniques d'anatomo-cytopathologie, Masson SAS, Elsevier, Paris, 2010, p.35–132. doi: 10. 1016/B978-2-294-70844-2. 00003-4.

[17] S.A. Dar et al., Acute and Sub-acute oral toxicity studies of Deedan-A Unani drug in Albino rats, J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 5 (2015) 107–114.

[18] E. Hodgson, Introduction to toxicology, in: E. Hodgson(Ed. ), A Textbook of Modern Toxicology(Third Edition), A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication, United States of America, 2004, p.1–12.

[19] J. Demma et al., Toxicological study on Glinus lotoides: A traditionally used taenicidal herb in Ethiopia, J. Ethnopharmacol. 111 (2007) 451–457.

[20] M. Case, L. Sibinski, G. Steffen, Chronic oral toxicity and oncogenicity studies of flecaimide, an antirythmic, in rats and mice, Toxicol. Appli. Pharmacol. 73 (1984) 232–242.

[21] P. Besançon, Innocuite et disponibilite des nutriments dans les aliments de complement, in: S. Trèche et al. (Eds. ), L'alimentation Complément Du Jeune Enfant, ORSTOM Edi, Amazon France, 1995, p.105–121.

[22] S. Meite et al., Antidiarrheal Activity of the ethyl acetate extract of Morinda morindoides in rats, Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 8 (2009) 201–207.

[23] G. Gibson, P. Skett, Introduction to drug metabolism (Second Edition), Blackie Accademic and Professional, London, (1994).

[24] I. Tlak et al., The effect of fasting on the concentrations of total proteins and of uric acid as well as on aminotransferase activity in duckling blood plasma, Vet. Arh. 78 (2008) 377–386.

[25] E. Carole, Estimation de la clairance de la créatinine, Clin. Chem. 27 (2002) 173.

[26] R. Ajaya Kumar et al., Anticancer and immunostimulatory compounds from Andrographis paniculata, J. Ethnopharmacol. 92 (2004) 291–295.

Show More Hide

Cited By:

[1] M. Fokam Tagne, H. Akaou, P. Noubissi, A. Foyet Fondjo, Y. Rékabi, H. Wambe, R. Kamgang, J. Essame Oyono, "Effect of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Bixa orellana Linn (Bixaceae) Leaves on Castor Oil-Induced Diarrhea in Swiss Albino Mice", Gastroenterology Research and Practice, Vol. 2019, p. 1, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6963548